Mechanisms of action




Cell therapy is targeted at many clinical indications in multiple organs and by several modes of cell delivery. Accordingly, the specific mechanisms of action involved in the therapies are wide-ranging. However, there are two main principles by which cells facilitate therapeutic action:

  1. Stem, progenitor, or mature cell engraftment, differentiation, and long term replacement of damaged tissue. In this paradigm multipotent or unipotent cells differentiate into a specific cell type in the lab or after reaching the site of injury (via local or systemic administration). These cells then integrate into the site of injury, replacing damaged tissue, and thus facilitate improved function of the organ or tissue. An example of this is the use of cells to replace cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction, to facilitate angiogenesis in ischemic limb disease, or the production of cartilage matrix in intervertebral disc degeneration.
  2. Cells that have the capacity to release soluble factors such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors which act in a paracrine or endocrine manner. These factors facilitate self-healing of the organ or region by inducing local (stem) cells or attracting cells to migrate towards the transplantation site. The delivered cells (via local or systemic administration) remain viable for a relatively short period (days-weeks) and then die. This includes cells that naturally secrete the relevant therapeutic factors, or which undergo epigenetic changes or genetic engineering that causes the cells to release large quantities of a specific molecule. Examples of this include cells that secrete factors which facilitate angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. This mode of action is proposed by companies such as Pluristem and Pervasis that use adherent stromal cells or mature endothelial cells to treat peripheral artery disease and arteriovenous access complications.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

27)Republic Day Parade 2019: Indias rich cultural diversity upon display at Rajpath; ten features

India Republic Day -- In Indias 70th Republic Time Saturday the annual celebration in the national capital exhibited the countrys rich ethnical heritage and traditions. The particular central theme of the tableaux displayed was Mahatma Gandhi as 2019 marks the season of his 150th birth anniversary. The might on the Indian military was with full display and in specific womens power. Before the celebration celebrations kicked off together with Prime Minister Narendra Modi paying homage to the martyrs by laying a flower wreath at Amar Jawan Jyoti. At Rajpath the Prime Minister received President Memory Nath Kovind and South Africas President Cyril Ramaphosa who was the Chief Guest on Indias Republic Day 2019 event. President Kovind hoisted the tricolour as the national anthem played and a 21-gun salute was fired through seven cannons of 2281 Field Regiment. Republic Time Parade 2019 * Assam Rifles tableau: Participating in often the Republic Day parade initially in history the Assam
Read more

Manufacturing

Despite being one of the fast growing areas within Life Sciences, the manufacturing of cell therapy products is largely hindered by small scale batches and labour-intensive processes. A number of manufacturers are turning to automated methods of production, eliminating human involvement and risk of human error. Automated methods of cell therapy manufacturing have opened up larger scale production of higher quality products at lower cost.
Read more

Alternative medicine

In alternative medicine, cell therapy is defined as the injection of non-human cellular animal material in an attempt to treat illness. Quackwatch labels this as "senseless", since "cells from the organs of one species cannot replace the cells from the organs of other species" and because a number of serious adverse effects have been reported. Of this alternative, animal-based form of cell therapy, the American Cancer Society say: "Available scientific evidence does not support claims that cell therapy is effective in treating cancer or any other disease. It may in fact be lethal ...".
Read more